Open Source,
PHP, & PIE

Presented by Larry Garfield (@Crell)

@Crell

Senior Architect, Palantir.net
Drupal 8 Web Services Lead
Drupal Representative, PHP-FIG
Advisor, Drupal Association
General busybody

Pollution

We have too much code

in the world

No Silver Bullet

1986

The most radical possible solution for constructing software is not to construct it at all.

— "No Silver Bullet", 1986.

Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS)

The best way to attack the essence of building
software is not to build it at all.

— "'No Silver Bullet', Refired", 1995.

Hey, look, Open Source!

The way to be more productive is to write less code

The way to be more productive is to reuse more code

If a software engineer, a potential consumer of standardized software components, perceives it to be more expensive to find a component that meets his needs, and so verify, than to write one anew, a new, duplicative component will be written. Notice we said perceives above. It doesn't matter what the true cost of reconstruction is.

— Van Snyder, JPL
as quoted in "'No Silver Bullet', Refired", 1995.

Sharing must be easy or it won't happen

Sharing is how Open Source works

Sucking at sharing is how
Open Source dies

The olden days

PEAR

PHP Extension and Application Repository
Founded 2000 on the "new" PHP 4
Required root to use properly (WTF?)
Complex process for adding packages
Easy to get wrong

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: PEAR and, um, blogs?
How do I get code?: Paste into your repository (or have root)
How do I load your code?: Manual includes
How do I load everyone's code?: Lots of manual includes
Name clashes?: YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()
How can I collaborate on code?: Sourceforge?
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

PHP sucked at sharing

Result

This is my island

There are many like it, but this one is mine

2% of the web cares

3% of the web cares

18% of the web cares

Who cares?

This was the best we could do

NIH is normal

80% of the web cares

Source: W3Techs

The average PHP programmer has written
2.5 frameworks in his career.

— Urban legend statistics

You're not a real PHP developer until
you've written your own CMS.

Sharing is how Open Source works

Sucking at sharing is how
Open Source dies

That was then

PHP is 18 years old

and is finally growing up

Step 0

Class autoloading

PHP 5.0, 2004

First version

function __autoload($class) {
  $file = some_logic($class);
  include $file;
}

Useful version

spl_autoload_register('myproject_autoloader');

function myproject_autoloader($class) {
  $file = some_logic($class);
  include $file;
}

If only I my web host offered PHP 5

— Every PHP developer circa 2007

I can't use PHP 5, no hosts support it.
—Developers

I can't upgrade to PHP 5, no projects require it.
—Hosts

We can't drop support for PHP 4, all the hosts still use it.
—PHP Internals

We can't be the first to use PHP 5, we'll lose our users.
—PHP projects

5 July 2007

We've decided that we will all be first.

5 July 2007: 6 projects
One month later:
- 100 projects
- 200 hosts
13 July 2007: PHP 4 EOL announced

Epic. Win.

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: PEAR and, um, blogs?
How do I get code?: Paste into your repository (or have root)
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: Lots of manual includes
Name clashes?: YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()
How can I collaborate on code?: Sourceforge?
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

Step 1

GitHub

2008

Build software better, together

Better than Sourceforge et al by a wide margin.

The top 3 contributors on GitHub are PHP devs.

2013: PHP leads GitHub

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: PEAR and, um, blogs?
How do I get code?: Paste into your repository (or have root)
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: Lots of manual includes
Name clashes?: YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()
How can I collaborate on code?: GitHub
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

Step 2

Namespaces

PHP 5.3, June 2009

Before

class Zend_Form {}

class Application_Form_Guestbook extends Zend_Form {}

class sfForm() {}

Oh PEAR...

class Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV {}

class Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV_Memory
    extends Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV {}

After

namespace Zend\Form;

class Factory{}

namespace Zend\Form;

use Zend\Captcha;

$factory = new Factory();
$captcha = new Captcha();

namespace Zend\Form;

use Zend\Captcha;
use Guzzle\Http\Client;

$factory = new Factory();
$captcha = new Captcha();
$guzzle = new Client();

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: PEAR and, um, blogs?
How do I get code?: Paste into your repository (or have root)
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: Lots of manual includes
Name clashes?: Namespaces
How can I collaborate on code?: GitHub
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

Step 3

The PHP Standards Group

php|tek, May 2009

We're going to have these namespace things,
let's use them the same way for a change!

The smoke filled room where FIG was founded.

(Smoke not guaranteed)

PSR-0

One autoloading standard/convention
Java-inspired
PEAR-inspired
Rudimentary, but enough

PSR-0

<vendor>\Package\Whatever

new \Some\Class\Name_Here();

include_once $some_root . '/Some/Class/Name/Here.php';


new Guzzle\Http\Client();
// require('/some/root/path/Guzzle/Http/Client.php');

Worst

Launch

Ever

Thrown off lists.php.net, moved to Google Groups

Admitted a few new projects

Slept through 2010

Debated a lot in 2011

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: PEAR and, um, blogs?
How do I get code?: Paste into your repository (or have root)
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: PSR-0
Name clashes?: Namespaces
How can I collaborate on code?: GitHub
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

Step 4

Composer

2011/2012

Symfony 2.0

Initial alpha, Symfony Live Paris, February 2010
PHPBB: We're rebuilding on it!
Symfony2 uses 3rd party libs (Doctrine, Monolog)

Dependency Hell

We need a dependency system!

It's dumb to make it Symfony specific

—Jordi Boggiano

April 2011

Nils Aderman (PHPBB): libzypp -> PHP

Jordi Boggiano (Monolog): Packagist, front-end for PEAR

With their powers combined...

Composer is a tool for dependency management in PHP. It allows you to declare the dependent libraries your project needs and it will install them in your project for you.

Uhh, what?

No more Copy/Paste of libraries
Resolves dependencies
Each project defines its own requirements
Performs build tasks

September 2011

Packagist.org

I'd say until early 2012 it was pretty unusable, yet people used it. I guess that's how badly it was needed.

— Jordi Boggiano

Symfony 2.1

September 2012

Composer from the ground up

Package count

Number of packages on Packagist over time

January 2014: 22,000 packages

(Not just Symfony!)

Get Composer

# Quick-n-easy:
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

# Global
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=bin

composer.json

Base manifest file for your project

{
    "name": "crell/myapp",
    "description": "This app is amazing.",
    "require": {
        "guzzle/guzzle": "3.4.*"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-0": {
            "MyName\\MyPackage": "src/"
        }
    }
}

composer install

Installs all dependencies for your project


$ composer.phar install
Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies (including require-dev)
  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v2.3.1)
    Downloading: 100%

  - Installing guzzle/guzzle (v3.4.3)
    Downloading: 100%

symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection ()
symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/http-kernel ()
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files

index.php

use Guzzle\Http\Client;

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

// Every class is now yours to command!

// Autoload on demand! Your work: zero.
$client = new Client('https://api.github.com');
$request = $client->get('/user')->setAuth('user', 'pass');
$response = $request->send();
echo $response->getBody();

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?: Packagist.org
How do I get code?: Composer
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: PSR-0
Name clashes?: Namespaces
How can I collaborate on code?: GitHub
Can I exchange code?: LOLz

Step 5

Common interfaces

2012-Present

PHP-FIG

The organization formerly known as the
PHP Standards Group and now represented by
this web site

Became useful in 2012

Renamed to PHP Framework Interoperability Group,
June 2012

New (first?) actual process definition, July 2013

PSR-3

Standard logger interface

Inspired by Monolog ... and Drupal

PSR-3

namespace Psr\Log;

interface LoggerInterface {
  public function log($level, $message, array $context = array());

  public function emergency($message, array $context = array());
  public function alert($message, array $context = array());
  public function critical($message, array $context = array());
  public function error($message, array $context = array());
  public function warning($message, array $context = array());
  public function notice($message, array $context = array());
  public function info($message, array $context = array());
  public function debug($message, array $context = array());
}

PSR-6 (Draft)

Unified caching interface

Stay tuned... ;-)

Yes, we can have nice things

Where do I find code?: Packagist.org
How do I get code?: Composer
How do I load your code?: Autloading
How do I load everyone's code?: PSR-0
Name clashes?: Namespaces
How can I collaborate on code?: GitHub
Can I exchange code?: PHP-FIG standard interfaces

The way to be more productive is to write less code

The way to be more productive is to reuse more code

The way to be more productive is to share more code

The mission...

Drupal needs to evolve, and quickly, from a first-class web CMS into a first-class REST server that includes a first-class web CMS.

Hey, look, a first-class REST server!

Drupal 8

Symfony2 (HttpFoundation, HttpKernel, DependencyInjection, EventDispatcher, Routing, Serializer, Validator, Yaml)
Symfony CMF
Zend Feed
Doctrine Annotations
Guzzle
EasyRDF
Assetic
Twig
PHPUnit

Drupal in Symfony

Flash Messages
BinaryFileResponse
Context support in Validator/Serializer
Routing improvements
Symfony CMF Router
Many other odds and ends

More collaboration

Doctrine Annotations Performance
Guzzle restructuring
Zend Feed dependencies

Symfony and Zend

Zend ProxyManager in DependencyInjection Component

Great news for Symfony!

The new normal

Given 2 ways to solve a problem,
choose the approach that results in less code

in the world

Not Invented Here

Proudly Invented Elsewhere

We are no longer islands

If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.

Our world is changing fast.

Let's go somewhere together.

Larry Garfield

Senior Architect, Palantir.net

Drupal core developer

PHP-FIG representative

Loveable pedant

Yell at me on Twitter: @Crell

Stalk me professionally at @Palantir

Open Source,PHP, & PIE

@Crell

Pollution

No Silver Bullet

1986

The olden days

PEAR

Why we can't have nice things

Result

That was then

Step 0

Class autoloading

PHP 5.0, 2004

5 July 2007

Why we can't have nice things

Step 1

GitHub

2008

Why we can't have nice things

Step 2

Namespaces

PHP 5.3, June 2009

Before

After

Why we can't have nice things

Step 3

The PHP Standards Group

php|tek, May 2009

PSR-0

PSR-0

Worst

Launch

Ever

Why we can't have nice things

Step 4

Composer

2011/2012

Symfony 2.0

Dependency Hell

April 2011

With their powers combined...

Uhh, what?

September 2011

Symfony 2.1

Package count

Get Composer

composer.json

composer install

index.php

Why we can't have nice things

Step 5

Common interfaces

2012-Present

PHP-FIG

PSR-3

PSR-3

PSR-6 (Draft)

Yes, we can have nice things

The mission...

Drupal 8

Drupal in Symfony

More collaboration

Symfony and Zend

The new normal

Not Invented Here

Proudly Invented Elsewhere

Larry Garfield

Open Source,
PHP, & PIE