Pollution

We have too much code

in the world

No Silver Bullet

1986

— "No Silver Bullet", 1986.

Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS)

— "'No Silver Bullet', Refired", 1995.

Hey, look, Open Source!

The way to be more productive is to write less code

The way to be more productive is to reuse more code

If a software engineer, a potential consumer of standardized software components, perceives it to be more expensive to find a component that meets his needs, and so verify, than to write one anew, a new, duplicative component will be written. Notice we said perceives above. It doesn't matter what the true cost of reconstruction is.

— Van Snyder, JPL
as quoted in "'No Silver Bullet', Refired", 1995.

Sharing must be easy or it won't happen

Sharing is how Open Source works

Sucking at sharing is how
Open Source dies

The olden days

PEAR

• PHP Extension and Application Repository
• Founded 2000 on the "new" PHP 4
• Required root to use properly (WTF?)
• Complex process for adding packages
• Easy to get wrong

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

PEAR and, um, blogs?

How do I get code?

Paste into your repository (or have root)

How do I load your code?

Manual includes

How do I load everyone's code?

Lots of manual includes

Name clashes?

YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()

How can I collaborate on code?

Sourceforge?

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

PHP sucked at sharing

Result

This is my island

There are many like it, but this one is mine

2% of the web cares

3% of the web cares

18% of the web cares

Who cares?

This was the best we could do

NIH is normal

— Urban legend statistics

Sharing is how Open Source works

Sucking at sharing is how
Open Source dies

Step 0

Class autoloading

PHP 5.0, 2004

First version

function __autoload($class) {
  $file = some_logic($class);
  include $file;
}
            

spl_autoload_register('myproject_autoloader');

function myproject_autoloader($class) {
  $file = some_logic($class);
  include $file;
}
              

If only I my web host offered PHP 5

— Every PHP developer circa 2007

I can't use PHP 5, no hosts support it.
—Developers

I can't upgrade to PHP 5, no projects require it.
—Hosts

We can't drop support for PHP 4, all the hosts still use it.
—PHP Internals

We can't be the first to use PHP 5, we'll lose our users.
—PHP projects

5 July 2007

We've decided that we will all be first.

• 5 July 2007: 6 projects
• One month later:
  • 100 projects
  • 200 hosts
• 13 July 2007: PHP 4 EOL announced

Epic. Win.

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

PEAR and, um, blogs?

How do I get code?

Paste into your repository (or have root)

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

Lots of manual includes

Name clashes?

YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()

How can I collaborate on code?

Sourceforge?

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

Step 1

GitHub

2008

Build software better, together

Better than Sourceforge et al by a wide margin.

2013: PHP leads GitHub

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

PEAR and, um, blogs?

How do I get code?

Paste into your repository (or have root)

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

Lots of manual includes

Name clashes?

YourProject_Before_Every_Single_Function()

How can I collaborate on code?

GitHub

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

Step 2

Namespaces

PHP 5.3, June 2009

Before

class Zend_Form {}

class Application_Form_Guestbook extends Zend_Form {}

class sfForm() {}
            

class Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV {}

class Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV_Memory
    extends Structures_DataGrid_DataSource_CSV {}
              

After

namespace Zend\Form;

class Factory{}
            

namespace Zend\Form;

use Zend\Captcha;

$factory = new Factory();
$captcha = new Captcha();
            

namespace Zend\Form;

use Zend\Captcha;
use Guzzle\Http\Client;

$factory = new Factory();
$captcha = new Captcha();
$guzzle = new Client();
            

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

PEAR and, um, blogs?

How do I get code?

Paste into your repository (or have root)

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

Lots of manual includes

Name clashes?

Namespaces

How can I collaborate on code?

GitHub

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

Step 3

The PHP Standards Group

php|tek, May 2009

(Smoke not guaranteed)

PSR-0

• One autoloading standard/convention
• Java-inspired
• PEAR-inspired
• Rudimentary, but enough

PSR-0

<vendor>\Package\Whatever

new \Some\Class\Name_Here();

include_once $some_root . '/Some/Class/Name/Here.php';

new Guzzle\Http\Client();
// require('/some/root/path/Guzzle/Http/Client.php');
            

Worst

Launch

Ever

Thrown off lists.php.net, moved to Google Groups

Admitted a few new projects

Slept through 2010

Debated a lot in 2011

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

PEAR and, um, blogs?

How do I get code?

Paste into your repository (or have root)

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

PSR-0

Name clashes?

Namespaces

How can I collaborate on code?

GitHub

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

Step 4

Composer

2011/2012

Symfony 2.0

• Initial alpha, Symfony Live Paris, February 2010
• PHPBB: We're rebuilding on it!
• Symfony2 uses 3rd party libs (Doctrine, Monolog)

Dependency Hell

We need a dependency system!

April 2011

Nils Aderman (PHPBB): libzypp -> PHP

Jordi Boggiano (Monolog): Packagist, front-end for PEAR

With their powers combined...

Composer is a tool for dependency management in PHP. It allows you to declare the dependent libraries your project needs and it will install them in your project for you.

Uhh, what?

• No more Copy/Paste of libraries
• Resolves dependencies
• Each project defines its own requirements
• Performs build tasks

September 2011

Packagist.org

Symfony 2.1

September 2012

Composer from the ground up

Package count

June 2014: 33,000 packages

(Not just Symfony!)

Get Composer

# Quick-n-easy:
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

# Global
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=bin
            

composer.json

Base manifest file for your project

{
    "name": "crell/myapp",
    "description": "This app is amazing.",
    "require": {
        "guzzle/guzzle": "3.4.*"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-0": {
            "MyName\\MyPackage": "src/"
        }
    }
}
            

composer install

Installs all dependencies for your project

$ composer.phar install
Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies (including require-dev)
  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v2.3.1)
    Downloading: 100%

  - Installing guzzle/guzzle (v3.4.3)
    Downloading: 100%

symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection ()
symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/http-kernel ()
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
            

index.php

use Guzzle\Http\Client;

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

// Every class is now yours to command!

// Autoload on demand! Your work: zero.
$client = new Client('https://api.github.com');
$request = $client->get('/user')->setAuth('user', 'pass');
$response = $request->send();
echo $response->getBody();
            

Why we can't have nice things

Where do I find code?

Packagist.org

How do I get code?

Composer

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

PSR-0

Name clashes?

Namespaces

How can I collaborate on code?

GitHub

Can I exchange code?

LOLz

Step 5

Common interfaces

2012-Present

PHP-FIG

The organization formerly known as the
PHP Standards Group and now represented by
this web site

Became useful in 2012

Renamed to PHP Framework Interoperability Group,
June 2012

New (first?) actual process definition, July 2013

PSR-3

Standard logger interface

Inspired by Monolog ... and Drupal

PSR-3

namespace Psr\Log;

interface LoggerInterface {
  public function log($level, $message, array $context = array());

  public function emergency($message, array $context = array());
  public function alert($message, array $context = array());
  public function critical($message, array $context = array());
  public function error($message, array $context = array());
  public function warning($message, array $context = array());
  public function notice($message, array $context = array());
  public function info($message, array $context = array());
  public function debug($message, array $context = array());
}
            

PSR-6 (Review)

Unified caching interface

• Cache "Pools" and "Items"
• Designed for extensibility
• Multi-get/set, expiration
• Stampede protection?

Editor: Yours Truly :-)

PSR-6 (Review)

function get_widget_list() {
    $pool = get_cache_pool('widgets');
    $item = $pool->getItem('widget_list');
    if (!$item->isHit()) {
        $value = compute_expensive_widget_list();
        $item->set($value);
        $pool->save($item);
    }
    return $item->get();
}
            

PSR-7 (Review)

HTTP Messages

• Think Symfony\HttpFoundation Jr.
• Request/Response only
• Works for clients and servers

Editor: Michael Dowling, Guzzle

PSR-7 (Review)

namespace Psr\Http\Message;

interface MessageInterface {
    public function getProtocolVersion();
    public function getBody();
    public function setBody(StreamInterface $body = null);

    public function getHeaders();
    public function hasHeader($header);
    public function getHeader($header);
    public function getHeaderAsArray($header);
    public function setHeader($header, $value);
    public function setHeaders(array $headers);
    public function addHeader($header, $value);
    public function addHeaders(array $headers);
    public function removeHeader($header);
}
            

PSR-7 (Review)

namespace Psr\Http\Message;

interface RequestInterface extends MessageInterface {
    public function getMethod();
    public function setMethod($method);
    public function getUrl();
    public function setUrl($url);
}

interface ResponseInterface extends MessageInterface {
    public function getStatusCode();
    public function setStatusCode($code);
    public function getReasonPhrase();
    public function setReasonPhrase($phrase);
}
            

Yes, we can have nice things

Where do I find code?

Packagist.org

How do I get code?

Composer

How do I load your code?

Autloading

How do I load everyone's code?

PSR-0

Name clashes?

Namespaces

How can I collaborate on code?

GitHub

Can I exchange code?

PHP-FIG standard interfaces

The mission...

Drupal needs to evolve, and quickly, from a first-class web CMS into a first-class REST server that includes a first-class web CMS.

Hey, look, a first-class HTTP framework!

Drupal 8

• Symfony2 (HttpFoundation, HttpKernel, DependencyInjection, EventDispatcher, Routing, Serializer, Validator, Yaml)
• Symfony CMF
• Zend Feed
• Doctrine Annotations
• Guzzle
• EasyRDF
• Assetic
• Twig
• PHPUnit

Drupal in Symfony

• Flash Messages
• BinaryFileResponse
• Context support in Validator/Serializer
• Routing improvements
• Symfony CMF Router
• Many other odds and ends

More collaboration

• Doctrine Annotations Performance
• Guzzle restructuring
• Zend Feed dependencies

Symfony and Zend

ProxyManager component shared by Zend and Symfony DependencyInjection Component

Great news for Symfony!